Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or "alcool polivinilico" in Italian, is a synthetic polymer widely used in various applications due to its unique properties. It is water-soluble and is produced by the polymerization of vinyl acetate, followed by hydrolysis (saponification), where the acetate groups are replaced by hydroxyl groups. The result is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is soluble in water. Its chemical formula is (C2H4O)n, and it has a variety of commercial and industrial uses.Polyvinyl alcohol is notable for its strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of the polymer, contributing to its high mechanical strength, flexibility, and adhesive properties. Its molecular structure consists of repeating units of vinyl alcohol (CH2=CHOH), though it is usually synthesized from polyvinyl acetate, which undergoes hydrolysis to form the final product.